Conditions treated
Dr. Ram Kumar G sees patients across four connected areas: diabetes itself, its complications, related metabolic health conditions, and general medicine.
Nationally, diabetes affects an estimated 11.4% of Indian adults, with prediabetes affecting a further 15.3% — alongside high rates of hypertension (35.5%), obesity (28.6%), and dyslipidemia (81.2%) (ICMR-INDIAB national study (Anjana et al., Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, 2023)).
Diabetes
The different forms of diabetes are managed differently. An accurate diagnosis is the starting point for the right treatment plan.
Type 1 diabetes
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition where the immune system attacks the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas — it isn't caused by diet or lifestyle, and it requires lifelong insulin replacement. It develops in identifiable stages before symptoms appear, and for the first time, a treatment can delay — not prevent — the onset of symptomatic disease in some people identified early through screening. This isn't yet routine care for most patients, so lifelong insulin therapy remains the standard once diagnosed.
Type 2 diabetes
Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes, in which the body becomes resistant to insulin or doesn't produce enough of it, leading to elevated blood glucose over time. It's increasingly diagnosed at a younger age in India than in Western countries, and modern treatment often chooses medicines that address blood sugar and weight together from the start, rather than treating them one after the other.
Gestational diabetes
Gestational diabetes is diabetes first identified during pregnancy — very common in India, with national studies estimating over 1 in 5 pregnancies affected — and it's screened for with a simple, patient-friendly test that doesn't require fasting, then carefully monitored for the health of both parent and baby. It usually resolves after delivery, but substantially raises lifetime risk of type 2 diabetes, which is why postpartum follow-up testing matters as much as monitoring during pregnancy itself.
Autoimmune diabetes (LADA)
LADA (Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults) is a slower-onset form of autoimmune diabetes, often initially mistaken for type 2 diabetes. This matters practically, not just diagnostically — some standard type 2 diabetes medicines may actually accelerate LADA's progression, while others may help preserve remaining insulin production. In India, studies suggest a meaningful share of adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, particularly those diagnosed before 40, may actually have LADA.
Low blood sugar (hypoglycaemia)
Hypoglycaemia is blood sugar below 70 mg/dL, usually in people taking insulin or sulfonylurea tablets. It causes shaking, sweating, hunger and confusion, and can lead to fainting if untreated. Treat it with the rule of 15: take 15 grams of fast sugar, recheck after 15 minutes, and repeat if still low. Repeated lows mean your treatment needs adjusting.
Diabetes complications
Long-term high blood sugar can affect nerves, kidneys, blood vessels, and wound healing. Early recognition matters.
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN)
Diabetic neuropathy is nerve damage caused by long-term high blood sugar, most often felt as tingling, numbness, burning or pain in the feet. Diabetic neuropathy treatment in Gachibowli, Hyderabad at this practice starts with a careful foot and nerve assessment, including point-of-care DPN Check nerve testing, followed by blood sugar optimisation, nerve pain medicines when needed, and structured foot care. Existing nerve damage usually can't be reversed, but these steps can slow its progression, relieve pain and lower the risk of foot ulcers.
Diabetic nephropathy / diabetic kidney disease
Diabetic kidney disease is kidney damage from long-term diabetes, identified through regular testing well before symptoms appear — and it's the leading cause of chronic kidney disease in India, contributing to nearly half the country's dialysis cases. Two simple tests, one blood and one urine, combine to show your specific risk category, which shapes how closely you're monitored and how your treatment is chosen.
Diabetic foot ulcers
Diabetic foot ulcers develop where reduced sensation, reduced circulation, and pressure combine — and most are preventable through risk-based screening and daily self-care. This page focuses on understanding your risk and preventing a first or repeat ulcer; if you already have an active wound, see our diabetic foot ulcer wound care page for treatment. Recurrence after healing is common — up to 40% within a year — which is why prevention doesn't stop once a wound closes.
Peripheral vascular disease
Peripheral vascular disease (PAD) is reduced blood flow to the limbs, most often the legs and feet, raising the risk of poor wound healing, pain with walking, and cardiovascular events. It's often silent — a large share of people with PAD have no symptoms, yet still carry meaningfully higher cardiovascular risk, which is why simple testing (an ABI) matters rather than waiting for leg pain. In India, PAD affects roughly 1 in 5 people with type 2 diabetes.
Diabetes and anemia
Anemia is seen more often alongside long-term diabetes, through several distinct mechanisms — reduced kidney hormone production, iron deficiency, and even long-term metformin use itself. Because the cause matters for treatment, it's worth testing for directly rather than assuming fatigue is simply from blood sugar.
Diabetic eye disease (retinopathy)
Diabetic retinopathy is damage to the blood vessels at the back of the eye caused by long-term high blood sugar. It usually causes no symptoms until sight is already affected, so regular eye screening is essential: at diagnosis of type 2 diabetes, within five years of type 1, and then every one to two years. Good control of sugar, blood pressure and cholesterol lowers the risk, and an eye specialist treats it with injections or laser when needed.
Metabolic health
Diabetes rarely occurs alone. These related metabolic and endocrine conditions are often assessed and managed together.
Obesity / weight management
Medical weight management treats obesity as a metabolic condition, not a matter of willpower. A major 2025 international guideline (the Lancet Commission on Clinical Obesity) now distinguishes "preclinical obesity" (excess body fat without complications yet) from "clinical obesity" (excess body fat that has already caused health complications), changing how and when treatment is prioritized — and in India specifically, BMI thresholds are lower than global averages, reflecting higher metabolic risk at a given weight.
Thyroid disorders
Thyroid disorders — an underactive (hypothyroid) or overactive (hyperthyroid) thyroid — affect roughly 1 in 10 people in India, more often women, and are diagnosed with a simple blood test (TSH). In India specifically, autoimmune thyroiditis, not iodine deficiency (now largely resolved through salt iodization), is the leading cause of underactive thyroid — and treatment targets are individualized to your age, pregnancy status, and symptoms rather than one TSH number applying to everyone.
Hypertension
Hypertension (high blood pressure) is one of the most common conditions alongside diabetes. Per the newest 2025 AHA/ACC guideline, most adults are now treated to a target below 130/80 mmHg — with an even lower systolic target below 120 encouraged when it can be safely achieved, especially with higher cardiovascular or kidney risk — since high blood pressure independently raises the risk of kidney, eye, heart, and vascular complications alongside diabetes.
Dyslipidemia / cholesterol
Dyslipidemia means abnormal LDL ("bad") cholesterol, HDL ("good") cholesterol, or triglyceride levels, which raise cardiovascular risk — especially alongside diabetes. It's identified with a simple blood test, and current guidelines specifically recognize South Asian ancestry as an independent risk-enhancing factor for premature heart disease, which shapes how aggressively it's treated even when a standard risk calculator alone might suggest a lower priority.
Fatty liver (MASLD/MASH)
MASLD (metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, formerly known as NAFLD) is a build-up of fat in the liver linked to insulin resistance; MASH (formerly NASH) is a more advanced, inflamed form that can progress to scarring (fibrosis) and, less often, cirrhosis. It's extremely common — affecting roughly 4 in 10 adults in India, and more than half of adults with diabetes — and is best understood as a liver-specific marker of broader metabolic risk, assessed and managed alongside your diabetes, weight, and lipid care rather than as an isolated liver problem.
Metabolic syndrome
Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of five measurable risk factors — abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, high triglycerides, low HDL cholesterol, and elevated blood sugar. Having three or more of the five roughly doubles cardiovascular disease risk and raises type 2 diabetes risk about fivefold — more than any single factor alone. It's a risk cluster, not diabetes itself.
Bone mineral disorders
Bone and mineral concerns are common alongside long-term diabetes and chronic kidney disease — and, importantly, type 2 diabetes can raise fracture risk even when a bone density scan looks normal. That's why bone health is assessed as part of long-term metabolic care, not only after a fracture happens.
Gout and high uric acid
Gout is a painful arthritis caused by uric acid crystals forming in a joint, most often the big toe. Treatment has two parts: calming a flare quickly with colchicine, an anti-inflammatory painkiller or a short steroid course, and, for people with repeated attacks, a daily medicine such as allopurinol that lowers uric acid below 6 mg/dL so new crystals stop forming and old ones dissolve.
Vitamin D deficiency
Vitamin D deficiency means the body has too little vitamin D to keep bones and muscles healthy. It is common in India despite plenty of sunshine, often causes no symptoms, and is treated with vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) tablets or sachets at a dose set by your level, with a recheck after about three months. Very high doses or injections taken without supervision can push calcium too high and cause harm.
Vitamin B12 deficiency
Vitamin B12 deficiency is common in India because the vitamin comes mainly from animal foods, and long-term metformin for diabetes lowers it further. It can cause tiredness, anaemia and tingling or numbness that looks like diabetic nerve damage. A blood test confirms it, and treatment with B12 tablets or injections usually corrects it; nerve symptoms need prompt treatment to recover fully.
Prediabetes
Prediabetes means blood sugar is higher than normal but not yet in the diabetes range: an HbA1c of 5.7–6.4% or a fasting glucose of 100–125 mg/dL. It affects about 15% of Indian adults and usually has no symptoms. Losing around 5–7% of body weight, regular activity and fewer refined carbohydrates can stop or delay diabetes, and metformin helps selected people at higher risk.
PCOS and insulin resistance
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) causes irregular periods, excess hair or acne and, often, insulin resistance, which raises the risk of weight gain, prediabetes, type 2 diabetes and fatty liver. Physician care focuses on the metabolic side: regular checks of glucose, cholesterol and blood pressure, a healthy-weight plan and medicines such as metformin. Fertility and period treatment is shared with a gynaecologist.
Obstructive sleep apnoea
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is when the throat repeatedly closes during sleep, stopping breathing for short spells. It causes loud snoring, choking at night and daytime sleepiness, and raises the risk of high blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease and road accidents. It is confirmed with a sleep study and treated with a CPAP machine, weight loss and sleep position changes.
General medicine
Common medical conditions managed by a consultant physician in internal medicine, with tests at the on-site lab and specialist referral when needed.
Fever and seasonal infections
Most fevers are caused by viral infections that settle within a few days with rest, fluids and paracetamol. In Hyderabad, especially during and after the monsoon, dengue, typhoid and malaria are also common and need the right blood tests. See a doctor if fever lasts more than two or three days, and urgently for warning signs such as severe abdominal pain, repeated vomiting, bleeding, breathlessness or drowsiness.
Urinary tract infection (UTI)
A urinary tract infection (UTI) is a bacterial infection of the bladder or, more seriously, the kidneys. It causes burning, frequent urination and lower abdominal pain, and is treated with a short course of the right antibiotic. Fever, back pain or vomiting suggest a kidney infection that needs prompt care. People with diabetes, pregnant women and men need a urine culture and closer follow-up.
Acid reflux and gastritis
Acid reflux (GERD) is when stomach acid flows back into the food pipe, causing heartburn and a sour taste; gastritis is inflammation of the stomach lining, often from H. pylori infection or painkillers. Most people improve with smaller, earlier dinners, weight loss and a course of acid-lowering medicine. Difficulty swallowing, weight loss, vomiting blood or black stools need prompt investigation with an endoscopy.
Asthma and COPD
Asthma and COPD both narrow the airways and cause breathlessness, cough and wheeze. Asthma often starts young and comes and goes with triggers; COPD usually follows years of smoking or smoke exposure and slowly worsens. Both are confirmed with a breathing test (spirometry) and treated mainly with inhalers. Using the inhaler correctly, avoiding smoke and having a written action plan prevent most attacks.
Headache and migraine
Most headaches are tension-type headaches or migraine, not a sign of serious disease. Migraine causes throbbing, often one-sided pain with nausea and sensitivity to light, and is treated with painkillers or triptans taken early, plus a preventive medicine when attacks are frequent. Taking painkillers on many days a month can itself cause daily headaches. A sudden severe headache or one with fever, weakness or confusion needs urgent care.
Anaemia
Anaemia means a low haemoglobin level, so the blood carries less oxygen, causing tiredness, breathlessness and pale skin. It is very common in India, especially in women. Treatment depends on the cause, which blood tests reveal: iron deficiency is treated with iron tablets or an iron infusion, low B12 or folate with replacement, and the underlying reason, such as heavy periods, bleeding or kidney disease, is always looked for.
Joint pain and osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis is wear-related joint pain, most often in the knees, hips and hands, that is worse with activity and eases with rest. The most effective treatments are regular strengthening exercise and weight loss, with painkiller gels or tablets for flares and joint injections for some. Hot, swollen joints, morning stiffness lasting over an hour or pain in many joints suggest gout or inflammatory arthritis instead, which need different treatment.
Preventive health check-ups
A preventive health check-up looks for silent problems, such as high blood pressure, diabetes, high cholesterol, kidney and liver changes and some cancers, before they cause symptoms. The right tests depend on your age, family history and lifestyle, not a fixed package. In India, adults over 30 are advised to be screened for blood pressure, diabetes and common cancers, and a physician can tailor what you need and explain the results.
Also see treatments & technology used at Boston Diabetes Center.